Pakati pama valve onyamula kuthamanga of mapaipi mafakitale, mavavu achitsuloamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha chuma chawo chamtengo wapatali komanso kusinthasintha kwapangidwe.Komabe, chifukwa kuponyedwa kumaletsedwa ndi kukula, makulidwe a khoma, nyengo, zopangira ndi ntchito zomanga za kuponyera, zolakwika zosiyanasiyana zoponyera monga matuza, pores, ming'alu, shrinkage porosity, shrinkage cavities ndi inclusions zidzawonekera mu castings, makamaka zotayira mchenga.Zopangira zitsulo kuti mumve zambiri.Chifukwa chakuti zinthu zambiri zophatikizika m’chitsulocho, m’pamenenso zitsulo zosungunukazo zimakhala zosauka kwambiri, m’pamenenso zimachititsa kuti chitsulocho chiwonongeke.Choncho, kuzindikiritsa zolakwika ndi kupanga njira yowotcherera yololera, yachuma, yothandiza komanso yodalirika kuti iwonetsetse kuti valavu pambuyo pokonza kuwotcherera ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za khalidwe lakhala likudziwika kwambiri pakutentha ndi kuzizira.mavavu.Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza njira yokonzera kuwotcherera komanso zokumana nazo zingapo zoponyera zitsulo (ndodo yowotcherera imayimiridwa ndi mtundu wakale).
Kusamalira zolakwika
1. Kusankha zolakwika
Muzochita kupanga, zolakwika zina zoponya siziloledwa kukonza kuwotcherera, monga ming'alu yolowera, zolakwika zolowera (kulowa pansi), pores zisa, zophatikizika zamchenga zomwe sizingachotsedwe, komanso kuchepa kwa porosity yokhala ndi malo opitilira masentimita 65, etc., ndi Zowonongeka Zina zazikulu zomwe sizingakonzedwe monga momwe adagwirizana mumgwirizano wapakati pa magulu awiriwa.Mtundu wa chilema ayenera kuweruzidwa pamaso kukonza kuwotcherera.
2. Kuchotsa cholakwika
Pafakitale, mpweya wa carbon arc air gouging nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa zolakwika, ndiyeno chopukusira chonyamula chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupukuta mbali zolakwika kuti ziwonetsere zitsulo.Koma muzochita kupanga, ndi zambiri ntchito mpweya zitsulo elekitirodi ndi mkulu panopa kuchotsa zolakwika, ndi ntchito ngodya chopukusira pogaya zitsulo zonyezimira.Kawirikawiri, zowonongeka zowonongeka zimatha kuthetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito <4mm-J422 electrode ndi panopa 160-180A kuchotsa zolakwikazo.Chopukusira ngodya chimagaya cholakwikacho kukhala mawonekedwe a U kuti achepetse kupsinjika kwa kuwotcherera.Zowonongekazo zimachotsedwa kwathunthu, ndipo khalidwe la kuwotcherera ndilobwino.
3. Kutentha kwa mbali zolakwika
Kwa zitsulo za carbon ndi austenitic zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri, pomwe malo opangirako kuwotcherera ndi osakwana 65cm2 ndipo kuya kwake kumakhala kosakwana 20% kapena 25mm makulidwe a kuponyera, kutentha kwapakati sikofunikira.Komabe, popanga zitsulo za pearlitic monga ZG15Cr1Mo1V ndi ZGCr5Mo, chifukwa cha kuuma kwakukulu kwachitsulo komanso kusweka kosavuta pakuwotcherera kozizira, kutentha kumayenera kuchitidwa.Nthawi yogwira iyenera kukhala osachepera 60min.Ngati kuponyera sikungathe kutenthedwa kwathunthu, kumatha kutenthedwa mpaka 300-350 ° C ndi oxygen-acetylene pamalo olakwika ndikukulitsidwa ndi 20mm (kuyang'ana kofiyira mumdima), ndi nyali yayikulu yosalowerera ndale. mfuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyamba pachilema ndi madera ozungulira.Yendani bwalo mofulumira kwa mphindi zingapo, kenaka yendani pang'onopang'ono kwa mphindi 10 (malingana ndi makulidwe a chilemacho), kotero kuti chilemacho chiwongoleredwa bwino ndikukonzedwanso mwamsanga.
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